diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 31365da89169cfe2be58de89a574ae4b69e40224..3467a31f23b7f770d32afb91cb62d5207ccf3d62 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,4 +20,60 @@ and [Network In Network (Lin et al., 2014)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.4400).
 add it to `src/join_settings.py` in the hourly data section. Replace the `TOAR_SERVICE_URL` and the `Authorization` 
 value. To make sure, that this **sensitive** data is not uploaded to the remote server, use the following command to
 prevent git from tracking this file: `git update-index --assume-unchanged src/join_settings.py
-`
\ No newline at end of file
+`
+
+# Customise your experiment
+
+This section summarises which parameters can be customised for a training.
+
+## Transformation
+
+There are two different approaches (called scopes) to transform the data:
+1) `station`: transform data for each station independently (somehow like batch normalisation)
+1) `data`: transform all data of each station with shared metrics
+
+Transformation must be set by the `transformation` attribute. If `transformation = None` is given to `ExperimentSetup`, 
+data is not transformed at all. For all other setups, use the following dictionary structure to specify the 
+transformation.
+```
+transformation = {"scope": <...>, 
+                  "method": <...>,
+                  "mean": <...>,
+                  "std": <...>}
+ExperimentSetup(..., transformation=transformation, ...)
+```
+
+### scopes
+
+**station**: mean and std are not used
+
+**data**: either provide already calculated values for mean and std (if required by transformation method), or choose 
+from different calculation schemes, explained in the mean and std section.
+
+### supported transformation methods
+Currently supported methods are:
+* standardise (default, if method is not given)
+* centre
+
+### mean and std
+`"mean"="accurate"`: calculate the accurate values of mean and std (depending on method) by using all data. Although, 
+this method is accurate, it may take some time for the calculation. Furthermore, this could potentially lead to memory 
+issue (not explored yet, but could appear for a very big amount of data)
+
+`"mean"="estimate"`: estimate mean and std (depending on method). For each station, mean and std are calculated and
+afterwards aggregated using the mean value over all station-wise metrics. This method is less accurate, especially 
+regarding the std calculation but therefore much faster.
+
+We recommend to use the later method *estimate* because of following reasons:
+* much faster calculation
+* real accuracy of mean and std is less important, because it is "just" a transformation / scaling
+* accuracy of mean is almost as high as in the *accurate* case, because of 
+$\bar{x_{ij}} = \bar{\left(\bar{x_i}\right)_j}$. The only difference is, that in the *estimate* case, each mean is 
+equally weighted for each station independently of the actual data count of the station.
+* accuracy of std is lower for *estimate* because of $\var{x_{ij}} \ne \bar{\left(\var{x_i}\right)_j}$, but still the mean of all 
+station-wise std is a decent estimate of the true std.
+
+`"mean"=<value, e.g. xr.DataArray>`: If mean and std are already calculated or shall be set manually, just add the
+scaling values instead of the calculation method. For method *centre*, std can still be None, but is required for the
+*standardise* method. **Important**: Format of given values **must** match internal data format of DataPreparation 
+class: `xr.DataArray` with `dims=["variables"]` and one value for each variable.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data_handling/data_distributor.py b/src/data_handling/data_distributor.py
index c6f38a6f0e70518956bcbbd51a6fdfc1a1e7849f..b1624410e746ab779b20a60d6a7d19b4ae3b1267 100644
--- a/src/data_handling/data_distributor.py
+++ b/src/data_handling/data_distributor.py
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ import numpy as np
 class Distributor(keras.utils.Sequence):
 
     def __init__(self, generator: keras.utils.Sequence, model: keras.models, batch_size: int = 256,
-                 fit_call: bool = True):
+                 permute_data: bool = False):
         self.generator = generator
         self.model = model
         self.batch_size = batch_size
-        self.fit_call = fit_call
+        self.do_data_permutation = permute_data
 
     def _get_model_rank(self):
         mod_out = self.model.output_shape
@@ -33,6 +33,16 @@ class Distributor(keras.utils.Sequence):
     def _get_number_of_mini_batches(self, values):
         return math.ceil(values[0].shape[0] / self.batch_size)
 
+    def _permute_data(self, x, y):
+        """
+        Permute inputs x and labels y
+        """
+        if self.do_data_permutation:
+            p = np.random.permutation(len(x))  # equiv to .shape[0]
+            x = x[p]
+            y = y[p]
+        return x, y
+
     def distribute_on_batches(self, fit_call=True):
         while True:
             for k, v in enumerate(self.generator):
@@ -42,6 +52,8 @@ class Distributor(keras.utils.Sequence):
                 num_mini_batches = self._get_number_of_mini_batches(v)
                 x_total = np.copy(v[0])
                 y_total = np.copy(v[1])
+                # permute order for mini-batches
+                x_total, y_total = self._permute_data(x_total, y_total)
                 for prev, curr in enumerate(range(1, num_mini_batches+1)):
                     x = x_total[prev*self.batch_size:curr*self.batch_size, ...]
                     y = [y_total[prev*self.batch_size:curr*self.batch_size, ...] for _ in range(mod_rank)]
diff --git a/src/data_handling/data_generator.py b/src/data_handling/data_generator.py
index 19a94fbb9dbbc8f382a225c852f34971a98395b8..cf4a0e3d8bc2483e787dfea31c5c9a32fb437fe1 100644
--- a/src/data_handling/data_generator.py
+++ b/src/data_handling/data_generator.py
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ __author__ = 'Felix Kleinert, Lukas Leufen'
 __date__ = '2019-11-07'
 
 import os
-from typing import Union, List, Tuple, Any
+from typing import Union, List, Tuple, Any, Dict
 
+import dask.array as da
 import keras
 import xarray as xr
 import pickle
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import logging
 
 from src import helpers
 from src.data_handling.data_preparation import DataPrep
+from src.join import EmptyQueryResult
 
 
 class DataGenerator(keras.utils.Sequence):
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ class DataGenerator(keras.utils.Sequence):
     def __init__(self, data_path: str, network: str, stations: Union[str, List[str]], variables: List[str],
                  interpolate_dim: str, target_dim: str, target_var: str, station_type: str = None,
                  interpolate_method: str = "linear", limit_nan_fill: int = 1, window_history_size: int = 7,
-                 window_lead_time: int = 4, transform_method: str = "standardise", **kwargs):
+                 window_lead_time: int = 4, transformation: Dict = None, **kwargs):
         self.data_path = os.path.abspath(data_path)
         self.data_path_tmp = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(data_path), "tmp")
         if not os.path.exists(self.data_path_tmp):
@@ -41,8 +43,8 @@ class DataGenerator(keras.utils.Sequence):
         self.limit_nan_fill = limit_nan_fill
         self.window_history_size = window_history_size
         self.window_lead_time = window_lead_time
-        self.transform_method = transform_method
         self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.transformation = self.setup_transformation(transformation)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         """
@@ -94,30 +96,100 @@ class DataGenerator(keras.utils.Sequence):
         data = self.get_data_generator(key=item)
         return data.get_transposed_history(), data.label.squeeze("Stations").transpose("datetime", "window")
 
-    def get_data_generator(self, key: Union[str, int] = None, local_tmp_storage: bool = True) -> DataPrep:
+    def setup_transformation(self, transformation):
+        if transformation is None:
+            return
+        transformation = transformation.copy()
+        scope = transformation.get("scope", "station")
+        method = transformation.get("method", "standardise")
+        mean = transformation.get("mean", None)
+        std = transformation.get("std", None)
+        if scope == "data":
+            if isinstance(mean, str):
+                if mean == "accurate":
+                    mean, std = self.calculate_accurate_transformation(method)
+                elif mean == "estimate":
+                    mean, std = self.calculate_estimated_transformation(method)
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(f"given mean attribute must either be equal to strings 'accurate' or 'estimate' or"
+                                     f"be an array with already calculated means. Given was: {mean}")
+        elif scope == "station":
+            mean, std = None, None
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Scope argument can either be 'station' or 'data'. Given was: {scope}")
+        transformation["method"] = method
+        transformation["mean"] = mean
+        transformation["std"] = std
+        return transformation
+
+    def calculate_accurate_transformation(self, method):
+        tmp = []
+        mean = None
+        std = None
+        for station in self.stations:
+            try:
+                data = DataPrep(self.data_path, self.network, station, self.variables, station_type=self.station_type,
+                                **self.kwargs)
+                chunks = (1, 100, data.data.shape[2])
+                tmp.append(da.from_array(data.data.data, chunks=chunks))
+            except EmptyQueryResult:
+                continue
+        tmp = da.concatenate(tmp, axis=1)
+        if method in ["standardise", "centre"]:
+            mean = da.nanmean(tmp, axis=1).compute()
+            mean = xr.DataArray(mean.flatten(), coords={"variables": sorted(self.variables)}, dims=["variables"])
+            if method == "standardise":
+                std = da.nanstd(tmp, axis=1).compute()
+                std = xr.DataArray(std.flatten(), coords={"variables": sorted(self.variables)}, dims=["variables"])
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        return mean, std
+
+    def calculate_estimated_transformation(self, method):
+        data = [[]]*len(self.variables)
+        coords = {"variables": self.variables, "Stations": range(0)}
+        mean = xr.DataArray(data, coords=coords, dims=["variables", "Stations"])
+        std = xr.DataArray(data, coords=coords, dims=["variables", "Stations"])
+        for station in self.stations:
+            try:
+                data = DataPrep(self.data_path, self.network, station, self.variables, station_type=self.station_type,
+                                **self.kwargs)
+                data.transform("datetime", method=method)
+                mean = mean.combine_first(data.mean)
+                std = std.combine_first(data.std)
+                data.transform("datetime", method=method, inverse=True)
+            except EmptyQueryResult:
+                continue
+        return mean.mean("Stations") if mean.shape[1] > 0 else None, std.mean("Stations") if std.shape[1] > 0 else None
+
+    def get_data_generator(self, key: Union[str, int] = None, load_local_tmp_storage: bool = True,
+                           save_local_tmp_storage: bool = True) -> DataPrep:
         """
         Select data for given key, create a DataPrep object and interpolate, transform, make history and labels and
         remove nans.
         :param key: station key to choose the data generator.
-        :param local_tmp_storage: say if data should be processed from scratch or loaded as already processed data from
-            tmp pickle file to save computational time (but of course more disk space required).
+        :param load_local_tmp_storage: say if data should be processed from scratch or loaded as already processed data
+            from tmp pickle file to save computational time (but of course more disk space required).
+        :param save_local_tmp_storage: save processed data as temporal file locally (default True)
         :return: preprocessed data as a DataPrep instance
         """
         station = self.get_station_key(key)
         try:
-            if not local_tmp_storage:
+            if not load_local_tmp_storage:
                 raise FileNotFoundError
             data = self._load_pickle_data(station, self.variables)
         except FileNotFoundError:
             logging.info(f"load not pickle data for {station}")
             data = DataPrep(self.data_path, self.network, station, self.variables, station_type=self.station_type,
                             **self.kwargs)
+            if self.transformation is not None:
+                data.transform("datetime", **helpers.dict_pop(self.transformation, "scope"))
             data.interpolate(self.interpolate_dim, method=self.interpolate_method, limit=self.limit_nan_fill)
-            data.transform("datetime", method=self.transform_method)
             data.make_history_window(self.interpolate_dim, self.window_history_size)
             data.make_labels(self.target_dim, self.target_var, self.interpolate_dim, self.window_lead_time)
             data.history_label_nan_remove(self.interpolate_dim)
-            self._save_pickle_data(data)
+            if save_local_tmp_storage:
+                self._save_pickle_data(data)
         return data
 
     def _save_pickle_data(self, data: Any):
diff --git a/src/data_handling/data_preparation.py b/src/data_handling/data_preparation.py
index 5bca71f52c9f136b5910d4e080491e0ff86484ae..98b47a6df3825581564fa9aaef7be8698408760e 100644
--- a/src/data_handling/data_preparation.py
+++ b/src/data_handling/data_preparation.py
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class DataPrep(object):
         self.data, self.mean, self.std = f_inverse(self.data, self.mean, self.std, self._transform_method)
         self._transform_method = None
 
-    def transform(self, dim: Union[str, int] = 0, method: str = 'standardise', inverse: bool = False) -> None:
+    def transform(self, dim: Union[str, int] = 0, method: str = 'standardise', inverse: bool = False, mean = None, std=None) -> None:
         """
         This function transforms a xarray.dataarray (along dim) or pandas.DataFrame (along axis) either with mean=0
         and std=1 (`method=standardise`) or centers the data with mean=0 and no change in data scale
@@ -247,11 +247,19 @@ class DataPrep(object):
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError
 
+        def f_apply(data):
+            if method == "standardise":
+                return mean, std, statistics.standardise_apply(data, mean, std)
+            elif method == "centre":
+                return mean, None, statistics.centre_apply(data, mean)
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
         if not inverse:
             if self._transform_method is not None:
                 raise AssertionError(f"Transform method is already set. Therefore, data was already transformed with "
                                      f"{self._transform_method}. Please perform inverse transformation of data first.")
-            self.mean, self.std, self.data = f(self.data)
+            self.mean, self.std, self.data = locals()["f" if mean is None else "f_apply"](self.data)
             self._transform_method = method
         else:
             self.inverse_transform()
@@ -370,7 +378,7 @@ class DataPrep(object):
         :param coord: name of axis to slice
         :return:
         """
-        return data.loc[{coord: slice(start, end)}]
+        return data.loc[{coord: slice(str(start), str(end))}]
 
     def check_for_negative_concentrations(self, data: xr.DataArray, minimum: int = 0) -> xr.DataArray:
         """
@@ -387,8 +395,7 @@ class DataPrep(object):
         return data
 
     def get_transposed_history(self):
-        if self.history is not None:
-            return self.history.transpose("datetime", "window", "Stations", "variables")
+        return self.history.transpose("datetime", "window", "Stations", "variables")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/src/helpers.py b/src/helpers.py
index c33684508b7b36cbebc3cbf3ac826d1779f9df50..e1496c3b232db29194878892647c59581b6a70a3 100644
--- a/src/helpers.py
+++ b/src/helpers.py
@@ -190,3 +190,8 @@ def float_round(number: float, decimals: int = 0, round_type: Callable = math.ce
     """
     multiplier = 10. ** decimals
     return round_type(number * multiplier) / multiplier
+
+
+def dict_pop(dict: Dict, pop_keys):
+    pop_keys = to_list(pop_keys)
+    return {k: v for k, v in dict.items() if k not in pop_keys}
diff --git a/src/model_modules/inception_model.py b/src/model_modules/inception_model.py
index baf1d0250a319008c573109da765613ca87b2c77..1cb7656335495f0261abb434e4a203cb4e63887e 100644
--- a/src/model_modules/inception_model.py
+++ b/src/model_modules/inception_model.py
@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ class InceptionModelBase:
         self.number_of_blocks += 1
         self.part_of_block = 0
         tower_build = {}
+        block_name = f"Block_{self.number_of_blocks}"
         for part, part_settings in tower_conv_parts.items():
             tower_build[part] = self.create_conv_tower(input_x, **part_settings, **kwargs)
         if 'max_pooling' in tower_pool_parts.keys():
@@ -205,7 +206,8 @@ class InceptionModelBase:
             tower_build['maxpool'] = self.create_pool_tower(input_x, **tower_pool_parts, **kwargs)
             tower_build['avgpool'] = self.create_pool_tower(input_x, **tower_pool_parts, **kwargs, max_pooling=False)
 
-        block = keras.layers.concatenate(list(tower_build.values()), axis=3)
+        block = keras.layers.concatenate(list(tower_build.values()), axis=3,
+                                         name=block_name+"_Co")
         return block
 
 
diff --git a/src/run_modules/experiment_setup.py b/src/run_modules/experiment_setup.py
index 48f7c13e51622d7d52405b73c0a6f57537b5b476..4c3b8872575ea9929f1d4ba3f5a42e222ac2fff4 100644
--- a/src/run_modules/experiment_setup.py
+++ b/src/run_modules/experiment_setup.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ DEFAULT_STATIONS = ['DEBW107', 'DEBY081', 'DEBW013', 'DEBW076', 'DEBW087', 'DEBY
 DEFAULT_VAR_ALL_DICT = {'o3': 'dma8eu', 'relhum': 'average_values', 'temp': 'maximum', 'u': 'average_values',
                         'v': 'average_values', 'no': 'dma8eu', 'no2': 'dma8eu', 'cloudcover': 'average_values',
                         'pblheight': 'maximum'}
+DEFAULT_TRANSFORMATION = {"scope": "data", "method": "standardise", "mean": "estimate"}
 
 
 class ExperimentSetup(RunEnvironment):
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class ExperimentSetup(RunEnvironment):
                  limit_nan_fill=None, train_start=None, train_end=None, val_start=None, val_end=None, test_start=None,
                  test_end=None, use_all_stations_on_all_data_sets=True, trainable=None, fraction_of_train=None,
                  experiment_path=None, plot_path=None, forecast_path=None, overwrite_local_data=None, sampling="daily",
-                 create_new_model=None):
+                 create_new_model=None, permute_data_on_training=None, transformation=None):
 
         # create run framework
         super().__init__()
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ class ExperimentSetup(RunEnvironment):
             trainable = True
         self._set_param("trainable", trainable, default=True)
         self._set_param("fraction_of_training", fraction_of_train, default=0.8)
+        self._set_param("permute_data", permute_data_on_training, default=False, scope="general.train")
 
         # set experiment name
         exp_date = self._get_parser_args(parser_args).get("experiment_date")
@@ -77,6 +79,8 @@ class ExperimentSetup(RunEnvironment):
         self._set_param("window_history_size", window_history_size, default=13)
         self._set_param("overwrite_local_data", overwrite_local_data, default=False, scope="general.preprocessing")
         self._set_param("sampling", sampling)
+        self._set_param("transformation", transformation, default=DEFAULT_TRANSFORMATION)
+        self._set_param("transformation", None, scope="general.preprocessing")
 
         # target
         self._set_param("target_var", target_var, default="o3")
diff --git a/src/run_modules/pre_processing.py b/src/run_modules/pre_processing.py
index 4660a8116b6d0b860a7d0d50b92cee5e0deb77d8..3263f5c4562eeac321c7ce621df551fdf6373ba0 100644
--- a/src/run_modules/pre_processing.py
+++ b/src/run_modules/pre_processing.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from src.run_modules.run_environment import RunEnvironment
 
 DEFAULT_ARGS_LIST = ["data_path", "network", "stations", "variables", "interpolate_dim", "target_dim", "target_var"]
 DEFAULT_KWARGS_LIST = ["limit_nan_fill", "window_history_size", "window_lead_time", "statistics_per_var",
-                       "station_type", "overwrite_local_data", "start", "end", "sampling"]
+                       "station_type", "overwrite_local_data", "start", "end", "sampling", "transformation"]
 
 
 class PreProcessing(RunEnvironment):
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ class PreProcessing(RunEnvironment):
     def _run(self):
         args = self.data_store.create_args_dict(DEFAULT_ARGS_LIST, scope="general.preprocessing")
         kwargs = self.data_store.create_args_dict(DEFAULT_KWARGS_LIST, scope="general.preprocessing")
-        valid_stations = self.check_valid_stations(args, kwargs, self.data_store.get("stations", "general"), load_tmp=False)
+        stations = self.data_store.get("stations", "general")
+        valid_stations = self.check_valid_stations(args, kwargs, stations, load_tmp=False, save_tmp=False)
         self.data_store.set("stations", valid_stations, "general")
         self.split_train_val_test()
         self.report_pre_processing()
@@ -53,11 +54,19 @@ class PreProcessing(RunEnvironment):
         logging.debug(f"TEST SHAPE OF GENERATOR CALL: {self.data_store.get('generator', 'general.test')[0][0].shape}"
                       f"{self.data_store.get('generator', 'general.test')[0][1].shape}")
 
-    def split_train_val_test(self):
+    def split_train_val_test(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Splits all subsets. Currently: train, val, test and train_val (actually this is only the merge of train and val,
+        but as an separate generator). IMPORTANT: Do not change to order of the execution of create_set_split. The train
+        subset needs always to be executed at first, to set a proper transformation.
+        """
         fraction_of_training = self.data_store.get("fraction_of_training", "general")
         stations = self.data_store.get("stations", "general")
         train_index, val_index, test_index, train_val_index = self.split_set_indices(len(stations), fraction_of_training)
         subset_names = ["train", "val", "test", "train_val"]
+        if subset_names[0] != "train":  # pragma: no cover
+            raise AssertionError(f"Make sure, that the train subset is always at first execution position! Given subset"
+                                 f"order was: {subset_names}.")
         for (ind, scope) in zip([train_index, val_index, test_index, train_val_index], subset_names):
             self.create_set_split(ind, scope)
 
@@ -79,7 +88,16 @@ class PreProcessing(RunEnvironment):
         train_val_index = slice(0, pos_test_split)
         return train_index, val_index, test_index, train_val_index
 
-    def create_set_split(self, index_list, set_name):
+    def create_set_split(self, index_list: slice, set_name) -> None:
+        """
+        Create the subset for given split index and stores the DataGenerator with given set name in data store as
+        `generator`. Checks for all valid stations using the default (kw)args for given scope and creates the
+        DataGenerator for all valid stations. Also sets all transformation information, if subset is training set. Make
+        sure, that the train set is executed first, and all other subsets afterwards.
+        :param index_list: list of all stations to use for the set. If attribute use_all_stations_on_all_data_sets=True,
+            this list is ignored.
+        :param set_name: name to load/save all information from/to data store without the leading general prefix.
+        """
         scope = f"general.{set_name}"
         args = self.data_store.create_args_dict(DEFAULT_ARGS_LIST, scope)
         kwargs = self.data_store.create_args_dict(DEFAULT_KWARGS_LIST, scope)
@@ -89,14 +107,16 @@ class PreProcessing(RunEnvironment):
         else:
             set_stations = stations[index_list]
         logging.debug(f"{set_name.capitalize()} stations (len={len(set_stations)}): {set_stations}")
-        set_stations = self.check_valid_stations(args, kwargs, set_stations)
+        set_stations = self.check_valid_stations(args, kwargs, set_stations, load_tmp=False)
         self.data_store.set("stations", set_stations, scope)
         set_args = self.data_store.create_args_dict(DEFAULT_ARGS_LIST, scope)
         data_set = DataGenerator(**set_args, **kwargs)
         self.data_store.set("generator", data_set, scope)
+        if set_name == "train":
+            self.data_store.set("transformation", data_set.transformation, "general")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def check_valid_stations(args: Dict, kwargs: Dict, all_stations: List[str], load_tmp=True):
+    def check_valid_stations(args: Dict, kwargs: Dict, all_stations: List[str], load_tmp=True, save_tmp=True):
         """
         Check if all given stations in `all_stations` are valid. Valid means, that there is data available for the given
         time range (is included in `kwargs`). The shape and the loading time are logged in debug mode.
@@ -118,7 +138,8 @@ class PreProcessing(RunEnvironment):
             t_inner.run()
             try:
                 # (history, label) = data_gen[station]
-                data = data_gen.get_data_generator(key=station, local_tmp_storage=load_tmp)
+                data = data_gen.get_data_generator(key=station, load_local_tmp_storage=load_tmp,
+                                                   save_local_tmp_storage=save_tmp)
                 valid_stations.append(station)
                 logging.debug(f'{station}: history_shape = {data.history.transpose("datetime", "window", "Stations", "variables").shape}')
                 logging.debug(f"{station}: loading time = {t_inner}")
diff --git a/src/run_modules/training.py b/src/run_modules/training.py
index 7a522af0298bcabee62579f68bd29ed123cac7b0..df60c4f2f8dff4a9acb82920ad3c1d203813033d 100644
--- a/src/run_modules/training.py
+++ b/src/run_modules/training.py
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ class Training(RunEnvironment):
         :param mode: name of set, should be from ["train", "val", "test"]
         """
         gen = self.data_store.get("generator", f"general.{mode}")
-        setattr(self, f"{mode}_set", Distributor(gen, self.model, self.batch_size))
+        permute_data = self.data_store.get_default("permute_data", f"general.{mode}", default=False)
+        setattr(self, f"{mode}_set", Distributor(gen, self.model, self.batch_size, permute_data=permute_data))
 
     def set_generators(self) -> None:
         """
diff --git a/src/statistics.py b/src/statistics.py
index e3481d0e0f0561ac8a903648a69e92c6d6acc40d..26b2be8854c51584f20b753717ea94cc12967369 100644
--- a/src/statistics.py
+++ b/src/statistics.py
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ Data = Union[xr.DataArray, pd.DataFrame]
 
 
 def apply_inverse_transformation(data, mean, std=None, method="standardise"):
-    if method == 'standardise':
+    if method == 'standardise':  # pragma: no branch
         return standardise_inverse(data, mean, std)
-    elif method == 'centre':
+    elif method == 'centre':  # pragma: no branch
         return centre_inverse(data, mean)
-    elif method == 'normalise':
+    elif method == 'normalise':  # pragma: no cover
         # use min/max of data or given min/max
         raise NotImplementedError
     else:
@@ -52,6 +52,17 @@ def standardise_inverse(data: Data, mean: Data, std: Data) -> Data:
     return data * std + mean
 
 
+def standardise_apply(data: Data, mean: Data, std: Data) -> Data:
+    """
+    This applies `standardise` on data using given mean and std.
+    :param data:
+    :param mean:
+    :param std:
+    :return:
+    """
+    return (data - mean) / std
+
+
 def centre(data: Data, dim: Union[str, int]) -> Tuple[Data, None, Data]:
     """
     This function centres a xarray.dataarray (along dim) or pandas.DataFrame (along axis) to mean=0
@@ -77,6 +88,17 @@ def centre_inverse(data: Data, mean: Data) -> Data:
     return data + mean
 
 
+def centre_apply(data: Data, mean: Data) -> Data:
+    """
+    This applies `centre` on data using given mean and std.
+    :param data:
+    :param mean:
+    :param std:
+    :return:
+    """
+    return data - mean
+
+
 def mean_squared_error(a, b):
     return np.square(a - b).mean()
 
diff --git a/test/test_data_handling/test_data_distributor.py b/test/test_data_handling/test_data_distributor.py
index 4c6dbb1c38f2e4a49e53883fbe3cb33cb565118a..a26e76a0e7f3ef0f5cdbedc07d73a690116966c9 100644
--- a/test/test_data_handling/test_data_distributor.py
+++ b/test/test_data_handling/test_data_distributor.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class TestDistributor:
 
     def test_init_defaults(self, distributor):
         assert distributor.batch_size == 256
-        assert distributor.fit_call is True
+        assert distributor.do_data_permutation is False
 
     def test_get_model_rank(self, distributor, model_with_minor_branch):
         assert distributor._get_model_rank() == 1
@@ -73,3 +73,28 @@ class TestDistributor:
         d = Distributor(gen, model)
         expected = math.ceil(len(gen[0][0]) / 256) + math.ceil(len(gen[1][0]) / 256)
         assert len(d) == expected
+
+    def test_permute_data_no_permutation(self, distributor):
+        x = np.array(range(20)).reshape(2, 10).T
+        y = np.array(range(10)).reshape(10, 1)
+        x_perm, y_perm = distributor._permute_data(x, y)
+        assert np.testing.assert_equal(x, x_perm) is None
+        assert np.testing.assert_equal(y, y_perm) is None
+
+    def test_permute_data(self, distributor):
+        x = np.array(range(20)).reshape(2, 10).T
+        y = np.array(range(10)).reshape(10, 1)
+        distributor.do_data_permutation = True
+        x_perm, y_perm = distributor._permute_data(x, y)
+        assert x_perm[0, 0] == y_perm[0]
+        assert x_perm[0, 1] == y_perm[0] + 10
+        assert x_perm[5, 0] == y_perm[5]
+        assert x_perm[5, 1] == y_perm[5] + 10
+        assert x_perm[-1, 0] == y_perm[-1]
+        assert x_perm[-1, 1] == y_perm[-1] + 10
+        # resort x_perm and compare if equal to x
+        x_perm.sort(axis=0)
+        y_perm.sort(axis=0)
+        assert np.testing.assert_equal(x, x_perm) is None
+        assert np.testing.assert_equal(y, y_perm) is None
+
diff --git a/test/test_data_handling/test_data_generator.py b/test/test_data_handling/test_data_generator.py
index 142acd166604951352ad6686548c2cb76f609ce0..9bf11154609afa9ada2b488455f7a341a41d21ae 100644
--- a/test/test_data_handling/test_data_generator.py
+++ b/test/test_data_handling/test_data_generator.py
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 import os
 
+import operator as op
 import pytest
 
 import shutil
 import numpy as np
+import xarray as xr
 import pickle
 from src.data_handling.data_generator import DataGenerator
 from src.data_handling.data_preparation import DataPrep
+from src.join import EmptyQueryResult
 
 
 class TestDataGenerator:
@@ -22,6 +25,56 @@ class TestDataGenerator:
         return DataGenerator(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'data'), 'AIRBASE', 'DEBW107', ['o3', 'temp'],
                              'datetime', 'variables', 'o3', start=2010, end=2014)
 
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def gen_with_transformation(self):
+        return DataGenerator(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'data'), 'AIRBASE', 'DEBW107', ['o3', 'temp'],
+                             'datetime', 'variables', 'o3', start=2010, end=2014,
+                             transformation={"scope": "data", "mean": "estimate"},
+                             statistics_per_var={'o3': 'dma8eu', 'temp': 'maximum'})
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def gen_no_init(self):
+        generator = object.__new__(DataGenerator)
+        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'data'))
+        generator.data_path = path
+        if not os.path.exists(path):
+            os.makedirs(path)
+        generator.stations = ["DEBW107", "DEBW013", "DEBW001"]
+        generator.network = "AIRBASE"
+        generator.variables = ["temp", "o3"]
+        generator.station_type = "background"
+        generator.kwargs = {"start": 2010, "end": 2014, "statistics_per_var": {'o3': 'dma8eu', 'temp': 'maximum'}}
+        return generator
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def accurate_transformation(self, gen_no_init):
+        tmp = np.nan
+        for station in gen_no_init.stations:
+            try:
+                data_prep = DataPrep(gen_no_init.data_path, gen_no_init.network, station, gen_no_init.variables,
+                                     station_type=gen_no_init.station_type, **gen_no_init.kwargs)
+                tmp = data_prep.data.combine_first(tmp)
+            except EmptyQueryResult:
+                continue
+        mean_expected = tmp.mean(dim=["Stations", "datetime"])
+        std_expected = tmp.std(dim=["Stations", "datetime"])
+        return mean_expected, std_expected
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def estimated_transformation(self, gen_no_init):
+        mean, std = None, None
+        for station in gen_no_init.stations:
+            try:
+                data_prep = DataPrep(gen_no_init.data_path, gen_no_init.network, station, gen_no_init.variables,
+                                     station_type=gen_no_init.station_type, **gen_no_init.kwargs)
+                mean = data_prep.data.mean(axis=1).combine_first(mean)
+                std = data_prep.data.std(axis=1).combine_first(std)
+            except EmptyQueryResult:
+                continue
+        mean_expected = mean.mean(axis=0)
+        std_expected = std.mean(axis=0)
+        return mean_expected, std_expected
+
     class DummyDataPrep:
         def __init__(self, data):
             self.station = "DEBW107"
@@ -41,7 +94,7 @@ class TestDataGenerator:
         assert gen.limit_nan_fill == 1
         assert gen.window_history_size == 7
         assert gen.window_lead_time == 4
-        assert gen.transform_method == "standardise"
+        assert gen.transformation is None
         assert gen.kwargs == {"start": 2010, "end": 2014}
 
     def test_repr(self, gen):
@@ -76,6 +129,72 @@ class TestDataGenerator:
         assert station[1].data.shape[-1] == gen.window_lead_time
         assert station[0].data.shape[1] == gen.window_history_size + 1
 
+    def test_setup_transformation_no_transformation(self, gen_no_init):
+        assert gen_no_init.setup_transformation(None) is None
+        assert gen_no_init.setup_transformation({}) == {"method": "standardise", "mean": None, "std": None}
+        assert gen_no_init.setup_transformation({"scope": "station", "mean": "accurate"}) == \
+               {"scope": "station", "method": "standardise", "mean": None, "std": None}
+
+    def test_setup_transformation_calculate_statistics(self, gen_no_init):
+        transformation = {"scope": "data", "mean": "accurate"}
+        res_acc = gen_no_init.setup_transformation(transformation)
+        assert sorted(res_acc.keys()) == sorted(["scope", "mean", "std", "method"])
+        assert isinstance(res_acc["mean"], xr.DataArray)
+        assert isinstance(res_acc["std"], xr.DataArray)
+        transformation["mean"] = "estimate"
+        res_est = gen_no_init.setup_transformation(transformation)
+        assert sorted(res_est.keys()) == sorted(["scope", "mean", "std", "method"])
+        assert isinstance(res_est["mean"], xr.DataArray)
+        assert isinstance(res_est["std"], xr.DataArray)
+        assert np.testing.assert_array_compare(op.__ne__, res_est["std"].values, res_acc["std"].values) is None
+
+    def test_setup_transformation_use_given_statistics(self, gen_no_init):
+        mean = xr.DataArray([30, 15], coords={"variables": ["o3", "temp"]}, dims=["variables"])
+        transformation = {"scope": "data", "method": "centre", "mean": mean}
+        res = gen_no_init.setup_transformation(transformation)
+        assert np.testing.assert_equal(res["mean"].values, mean.values) is None
+        assert res["std"] is None
+
+    def test_setup_transformation_errors(self, gen_no_init):
+        transformation = {"scope": "random", "mean": "accurate"}
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            gen_no_init.setup_transformation(transformation)
+        transformation = {"scope": "data", "mean": "fit"}
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            gen_no_init.setup_transformation(transformation)
+
+    def test_calculate_accurate_transformation_standardise(self, gen_no_init, accurate_transformation):
+        mean_expected, std_expected = accurate_transformation
+        mean, std = gen_no_init.calculate_accurate_transformation("standardise")
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(mean_expected.values, mean.values) is None
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(std_expected.values, std.values) is None
+
+    def test_calculate_accurate_transformation_centre(self, gen_no_init, accurate_transformation):
+        mean_expected, _ = accurate_transformation
+        mean, std = gen_no_init.calculate_accurate_transformation("centre")
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(mean_expected.values, mean.values) is None
+        assert std is None
+
+    def test_calculate_accurate_transformation_all_others(self, gen_no_init):
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            gen_no_init.calculate_accurate_transformation("normalise")
+
+    def test_calculate_estimated_transformation_standardise(self, gen_no_init, estimated_transformation):
+        mean_expected, std_expected = estimated_transformation
+        mean, std = gen_no_init.calculate_estimated_transformation("standardise")
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(mean_expected.values, mean.values) is None
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(std_expected.values, std.values) is None
+
+    def test_calculate_estimated_transformation_centre(self, gen_no_init, estimated_transformation):
+        mean_expected, _ = estimated_transformation
+        mean, std = gen_no_init.calculate_estimated_transformation("centre")
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(mean_expected.values, mean.values) is None
+        assert std is None
+
+    def test_calculate_estimated_transformation_all_others(self, gen_no_init):
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            gen_no_init.calculate_estimated_transformation("normalise")
+
     def test_get_station_key(self, gen):
         gen.stations.append("DEBW108")
         f = gen.get_station_key
@@ -104,7 +223,7 @@ class TestDataGenerator:
         if os.path.exists(file):
             os.remove(file)
         assert not os.path.exists(file)
-        assert isinstance(gen.get_data_generator("DEBW107", local_tmp_storage=False), DataPrep)
+        assert isinstance(gen.get_data_generator("DEBW107", load_local_tmp_storage=False), DataPrep)
         t = os.stat(file).st_ctime
         assert os.path.exists(file)
         assert isinstance(gen.get_data_generator("DEBW107"), DataPrep)
@@ -113,6 +232,12 @@ class TestDataGenerator:
         assert isinstance(gen.get_data_generator("DEBW107"), DataPrep)
         assert os.stat(file).st_ctime > t
 
+    def test_get_data_generator_transform(self, gen_with_transformation):
+        gen = gen_with_transformation
+        data = gen.get_data_generator("DEBW107", load_local_tmp_storage=False, save_local_tmp_storage=False)
+        assert data._transform_method == "standardise"
+        assert data.mean is not None
+
     def test_save_pickle_data(self, gen):
         file = os.path.join(gen.data_path_tmp, f"DEBW107_{'_'.join(sorted(gen.variables))}_2010_2014_.pickle")
         if os.path.exists(file):
diff --git a/test/test_data_handling/test_data_preparation.py b/test/test_data_handling/test_data_preparation.py
index 72bacaf9cc1e5a9dc9736b8e8eb7161f35d8ea69..ac449c4dc6d4c83a457eccc93a766ec4f17f58c9 100644
--- a/test/test_data_handling/test_data_preparation.py
+++ b/test/test_data_handling/test_data_preparation.py
@@ -152,6 +152,26 @@ class TestDataPrep:
         assert isinstance(data.mean, xr.DataArray)
         assert isinstance(data.std, xr.DataArray)
 
+    def test_transform_standardise_apply(self, data):
+        assert data._transform_method is None
+        assert data.mean is None
+        assert data.std is None
+        data_mean_orig = data.data.mean('datetime').variable.values
+        data_std_orig = data.data.std('datetime').variable.values
+        mean_external = np.array([20, 12])
+        std_external = np.array([15, 5])
+        mean = xr.DataArray(mean_external, coords={"variables": ['o3', 'temp']}, dims=["variables"])
+        std = xr.DataArray(std_external, coords={"variables": ['o3', 'temp']}, dims=["variables"])
+        data.transform('datetime', mean=mean, std=std)
+        assert all(data.mean.values == mean_external)
+        assert all(data.std.values == std_external)
+        data_mean_transformed = data.data.mean('datetime').variable.values
+        data_std_transformed = data.data.std('datetime').variable.values
+        data_mean_expected = (data_mean_orig - mean_external) / std_external  # mean scales as any other data
+        data_std_expected = data_std_orig / std_external  # std scales by given std
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data_mean_transformed, data_mean_expected) is None
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data_std_transformed, data_std_expected) is None
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('mean, std, method, msg', [(10, 3, 'standardise', ''), (6, None, 'standardise', 'std, '),
                                                         (None, 3, 'standardise', 'mean, '), (19, None, 'centre', ''),
                                                         (None, 2, 'centre', 'mean, '), (8, 2, 'centre', ''),
@@ -168,12 +188,29 @@ class TestDataPrep:
         assert data._transform_method is None
         assert data.mean is None
         assert data.std is None
-        data_std_org = data.data.std('datetime'). variable.values
+        data_std_orig = data.data.std('datetime'). variable.values
         data.transform('datetime', 'centre')
         assert data._transform_method == 'centre'
         assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data.data.mean('datetime').variable.values, np.array([[0, 0]])) is None
-        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data.data.std('datetime').variable.values, data_std_org) is None
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data.data.std('datetime').variable.values, data_std_orig) is None
+        assert data.std is None
+
+    def test_transform_centre_apply(self, data):
+        assert data._transform_method is None
+        assert data.mean is None
+        assert data.std is None
+        data_mean_orig = data.data.mean('datetime').variable.values
+        data_std_orig = data.data.std('datetime').variable.values
+        mean_external = np.array([20, 12])
+        mean = xr.DataArray(mean_external, coords={"variables": ['o3', 'temp']}, dims=["variables"])
+        data.transform('datetime', 'centre', mean=mean)
+        assert all(data.mean.values == mean_external)
         assert data.std is None
+        data_mean_transformed = data.data.mean('datetime').variable.values
+        data_std_transformed = data.data.std('datetime').variable.values
+        data_mean_expected = (data_mean_orig - mean_external)  # mean scales as any other data
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data_mean_transformed, data_mean_expected) is None
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data_std_transformed, data_std_orig) is None
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('method', ['standardise', 'centre'])
     def test_transform_inverse(self, data, method):
diff --git a/test/test_datastore.py b/test/test_datastore.py
index 95a58deafc915dd6193960e77bb99cc8ab8d85cb..9fcb319f51954b365c59274a4a9744f093e155f1 100644
--- a/test/test_datastore.py
+++ b/test/test_datastore.py
@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@ class TestDataStoreByVariable:
     def ds(self):
         return DataStoreByVariable()
 
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def ds_with_content(self, ds):
+        ds.set("tester1", 1, "general")
+        ds.set("tester2", 11, "general")
+        ds.set("tester2", 10, "general.sub")
+        ds.set("tester3", 21, "general")
+        return ds
+
     def test_put(self, ds):
         ds.set("number", 3, "general.subscope")
         assert ds._store["number"]["general.subscope"] == 3
@@ -131,15 +139,18 @@ class TestDataStoreByVariable:
         assert ds.search_scope("general.sub.sub", current_scope_only=False, return_all=True) == \
             [("number", "general.sub.sub", "ABC"), ("number1", "general.sub", 22), ("number2", "general.sub.sub", 3)]
 
-    def test_create_args_dict(self, ds):
-        ds.set("tester1", 1, "general")
-        ds.set("tester2", 11, "general")
-        ds.set("tester2", 10, "general.sub")
-        ds.set("tester3", 21, "general")
+    def test_create_args_dict_default_scope(self, ds_with_content):
         args = ["tester1", "tester2", "tester3", "tester4"]
-        assert ds.create_args_dict(args) == {"tester1": 1, "tester2": 11, "tester3": 21}
-        assert ds.create_args_dict(args, "general.sub") == {"tester1": 1, "tester2": 10, "tester3": 21}
-        assert ds.create_args_dict(["notAvail", "alsonot"]) == {}
+        assert ds_with_content.create_args_dict(args) == {"tester1": 1, "tester2": 11, "tester3": 21}
+
+    def test_create_args_dict_given_scope(self, ds_with_content):
+        args = ["tester1", "tester2", "tester3", "tester4"]
+        assert ds_with_content.create_args_dict(args, "general.sub") == {"tester1": 1, "tester2": 10, "tester3": 21}
+
+    def test_create_args_dict_missing_entry(self, ds_with_content):
+        args = ["tester1", "notAvail", "tester4"]
+        assert ds_with_content.create_args_dict(["notAvail", "alsonot"]) == {}
+        assert ds_with_content.create_args_dict(args) == {"tester1": 1}
 
     def test_set_args_from_dict(self, ds):
         ds.set_args_from_dict({"tester1": 1, "tester2": 10, "tester3": 21})
@@ -157,6 +168,14 @@ class TestDataStoreByScope:
     def ds(self):
         return DataStoreByScope()
 
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def ds_with_content(self, ds):
+        ds.set("tester1", 1, "general")
+        ds.set("tester2", 11, "general")
+        ds.set("tester2", 10, "general.sub")
+        ds.set("tester3", 21, "general")
+        return ds
+
     def test_put_with_scope(self, ds):
         ds.set("number", 3, "general.subscope")
         assert ds._store["general.subscope"]["number"] == 3
@@ -258,15 +277,18 @@ class TestDataStoreByScope:
         assert ds.search_scope("general.sub.sub", current_scope_only=False, return_all=True) == \
             [("number", "general.sub.sub", "ABC"), ("number1", "general.sub", 22), ("number2", "general.sub.sub", 3)]
 
-    def test_create_args_dict(self, ds):
-        ds.set("tester1", 1, "general")
-        ds.set("tester2", 11, "general")
-        ds.set("tester2", 10, "general.sub")
-        ds.set("tester3", 21, "general")
+    def test_create_args_dict_default_scope(self, ds_with_content):
         args = ["tester1", "tester2", "tester3", "tester4"]
-        assert ds.create_args_dict(args) == {"tester1": 1, "tester2": 11, "tester3": 21}
-        assert ds.create_args_dict(args, "general.sub") == {"tester1": 1, "tester2": 10, "tester3": 21}
-        assert ds.create_args_dict(["notAvail", "alsonot"]) == {}
+        assert ds_with_content.create_args_dict(args) == {"tester1": 1, "tester2": 11, "tester3": 21}
+
+    def test_create_args_dict_given_scope(self, ds_with_content):
+        args = ["tester1", "tester2", "tester3", "tester4"]
+        assert ds_with_content.create_args_dict(args, "general.sub") == {"tester1": 1, "tester2": 10, "tester3": 21}
+
+    def test_create_args_dict_missing_entry(self, ds_with_content):
+        args = ["tester1", "notAvail", "tester4"]
+        assert ds_with_content.create_args_dict(["notAvail", "alsonot"]) == {}
+        assert ds_with_content.create_args_dict(args) == {"tester1": 1}
 
     def test_set_args_from_dict(self, ds):
         ds.set_args_from_dict({"tester1": 1, "tester2": 10, "tester3": 21})
diff --git a/test/test_model_modules/test_inception_model.py b/test/test_model_modules/test_inception_model.py
index 6847b24f738428550f4b59faf4c00f962b90208e..281ce1a315526df05918bc2b07918eff3c9f276d 100644
--- a/test/test_model_modules/test_inception_model.py
+++ b/test/test_model_modules/test_inception_model.py
@@ -237,7 +237,10 @@ class TestInceptionModelBase:
         assert isinstance(self.step_in(block_pool2._keras_history[0], depth=2), keras.layers.pooling.AveragePooling2D)
         assert self.step_in(block_pool2._keras_history[0], depth=3).name == 'Block_1d_Pad'
         assert isinstance(self.step_in(block_pool2._keras_history[0], depth=3), ReflectionPadding2D)
-
+        # check naming of concat layer
+        assert block.name == 'Block_1_Co/concat:0'
+        assert block._keras_history[0].name == 'Block_1_Co'
+        assert isinstance(block._keras_history[0], keras.layers.merge.Concatenate)
         # next block
         opts['input_x'] = block
         opts['tower_pool_parts']['max_pooling'] = True
@@ -261,6 +264,10 @@ class TestInceptionModelBase:
         assert isinstance(self.step_in(block_pool._keras_history[0], depth=2), keras.layers.pooling.MaxPooling2D)
         assert self.step_in(block_pool._keras_history[0], depth=3).name == 'Block_2c_Pad'
         assert isinstance(self.step_in(block_pool._keras_history[0], depth=3), ReflectionPadding2D)
+        # check naming of concat layer
+        assert block.name == 'Block_2_Co/concat:0'
+        assert block._keras_history[0].name == 'Block_2_Co'
+        assert isinstance(block._keras_history[0], keras.layers.merge.Concatenate)
 
     def test_inception_block_invalid_batchnorm(self, base, input_x):
         conv = {'tower_1': {'reduction_filter': 64,
@@ -278,6 +285,7 @@ class TestInceptionModelBase:
             block = base.inception_block(**opts)
         assert "max_pooling has to be either a bool or empty. Given was: yes" in str(einfo.value)
 
+
     def test_batch_normalisation(self, base, input_x):
         # import keras
         base.part_of_block += 1
diff --git a/test/test_modules/test_pre_processing.py b/test/test_modules/test_pre_processing.py
index 9d1feb03ac71b980f6a4cd1b0e6cac2a52d9625b..29172a1b8500b605859e925574535c6158c7d805 100644
--- a/test/test_modules/test_pre_processing.py
+++ b/test/test_modules/test_pre_processing.py
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ class TestPreProcessing:
         assert obj_with_exp_setup.data_store.search_name("generator") == []
         obj_with_exp_setup.split_train_val_test()
         data_store = obj_with_exp_setup.data_store
-        assert data_store.search_scope("general.train") == sorted(["generator", "start", "end", "stations"])
+        expected_params = ["generator", "start", "end", "stations", "permute_data"]
+        assert data_store.search_scope("general.train") == sorted(expected_params)
         assert data_store.search_name("generator") == sorted(["general.train", "general.val", "general.test",
                                                               "general.train_val"])
 
@@ -100,13 +101,3 @@ class TestPreProcessing:
         assert dummy_list[val] == list(range(10, 13))
         assert dummy_list[test] == list(range(13, 15))
         assert dummy_list[train_val] == list(range(0, 13))
-
-    def test_create_args_dict_default_scope(self, obj_super_init):
-        assert obj_super_init.data_store.create_args_dict(["NAME1", "NAME2"]) == {"NAME1": 1, "NAME2": 2}
-
-    def test_create_args_dict_given_scope(self, obj_super_init):
-        assert obj_super_init.data_store.create_args_dict(["NAME1", "NAME2"], scope="general.sub") == {"NAME1": 10, "NAME2": 2}
-
-    def test_create_args_dict_missing_entry(self, obj_super_init):
-        assert obj_super_init.data_store.create_args_dict(["NAME5", "NAME2"]) == {"NAME2": 2}
-        assert obj_super_init.data_store.create_args_dict(["NAME4", "NAME2"]) == {"NAME2": 2}
diff --git a/test/test_statistics.py b/test/test_statistics.py
index 308ac655787e69f90b45e65e7e7df8f35875f652..cad915564aac675cadda0f625dca1a073b2c8959 100644
--- a/test/test_statistics.py
+++ b/test/test_statistics.py
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ import pandas as pd
 import pytest
 import xarray as xr
 
-from src.statistics import standardise, standardise_inverse, centre, centre_inverse
+from src.statistics import standardise, standardise_inverse, standardise_apply, centre, centre_inverse, centre_apply,\
+    apply_inverse_transformation
+
+lazy = pytest.lazy_fixture
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='module')
@@ -18,44 +21,95 @@ def pandas(input_data):
     return pd.DataFrame(input_data)
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def pd_mean():
+    return [2, 10, 3]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def pd_std():
+    return [3, 2, 3]
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(scope='module')
 def xarray(input_data):
-    return xr.DataArray(input_data, dims=['index', 'value'])
+    shape = input_data.shape
+    coords = {'index': range(shape[0]), 'value': range(shape[1])}
+    return xr.DataArray(input_data, coords=coords, dims=coords.keys())
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def xr_mean(input_data):
+    return xr.DataArray([2, 10, 3], coords={'value': range(3)}, dims=['value'])
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def xr_std(input_data):
+    return xr.DataArray([3, 2, 3], coords={'value': range(3)}, dims=['value'])
 
 
 class TestStandardise:
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_org, dim', [(pytest.lazy_fixture('pandas'), 0),
-                                               (pytest.lazy_fixture('xarray'), 'index')])
-    def test_standardise(self, data_org, dim):
-        mean, std, data = standardise(data_org, dim)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_orig, dim', [(lazy('pandas'), 0),
+                                                (lazy('xarray'), 'index')])
+    def test_standardise(self, data_orig, dim):
+        mean, std, data = standardise(data_orig, dim)
         assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(mean, [2, -5, 10], decimal=1) is None
         assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(std, [2, 3, 1], decimal=1) is None
         assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data.mean(dim), [0, 0, 0]) is None
         assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data.std(dim), [1, 1, 1]) is None
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_org, dim', [(pytest.lazy_fixture('pandas'), 0),
-                                               (pytest.lazy_fixture('xarray'), 'index')])
-    def test_standardise_inverse(self, data_org, dim):
-        mean, std, data = standardise(data_org, dim)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_orig, dim', [(lazy('pandas'), 0),
+                                                (lazy('xarray'), 'index')])
+    def test_standardise_inverse(self, data_orig, dim):
+        mean, std, data = standardise(data_orig, dim)
         data_recovered = standardise_inverse(data, mean, std)
-        assert np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(data_org, data_recovered) is None
+        assert np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(data_orig, data_recovered) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_orig, dim', [(lazy('pandas'), 0),
+                                                (lazy('xarray'), 'index')])
+    def test_apply_standardise_inverse(self, data_orig, dim):
+        mean, std, data = standardise(data_orig, dim)
+        data_recovered = apply_inverse_transformation(data, mean, std)
+        assert np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(data_orig, data_recovered) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_orig, mean, std, dim', [(lazy('pandas'), lazy('pd_mean'), lazy('pd_std'), 0),
+                                                           (lazy('xarray'), lazy('xr_mean'), lazy('xr_std'), 'index')])
+    def test_standardise_apply(self, data_orig, mean, std, dim):
+        data = standardise_apply(data_orig, mean, std)
+        mean_expected = (np.array([2, -5, 10]) - np.array([2, 10, 3])) / np.array([3, 2, 3])
+        std_expected = np.array([2, 3, 1]) / np.array([3, 2, 3])
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data.mean(dim), mean_expected, decimal=1) is None
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data.std(dim), std_expected, decimal=1) is None
 
 
 class TestCentre:
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_org, dim', [(pytest.lazy_fixture('pandas'), 0),
-                                               (pytest.lazy_fixture('xarray'), 'index')])
-    def test_centre(self, data_org, dim):
-        mean, std, data = centre(data_org, dim)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_orig, dim', [(lazy('pandas'), 0),
+                                                (lazy('xarray'), 'index')])
+    def test_centre(self, data_orig, dim):
+        mean, std, data = centre(data_orig, dim)
         assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(mean, [2, -5, 10], decimal=1) is None
         assert std is None
         assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data.mean(dim), [0, 0, 0]) is None
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_org, dim', [(pytest.lazy_fixture('pandas'), 0),
-                                               (pytest.lazy_fixture('xarray'), 'index')])
-    def test_centre_inverse(self, data_org, dim):
-        mean, _, data = centre(data_org, dim)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_orig, dim', [(lazy('pandas'), 0),
+                                                (lazy('xarray'), 'index')])
+    def test_centre_inverse(self, data_orig, dim):
+        mean, _, data = centre(data_orig, dim)
         data_recovered = centre_inverse(data, mean)
-        assert np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(data_org, data_recovered) is None
-
+        assert np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(data_orig, data_recovered) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_orig, dim', [(lazy('pandas'), 0),
+                                                (lazy('xarray'), 'index')])
+    def test_apply_centre_inverse(self, data_orig, dim):
+        mean, _, data = centre(data_orig, dim)
+        data_recovered = apply_inverse_transformation(data, mean, method="centre")
+        assert np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(data_orig, data_recovered) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('data_orig, mean, dim', [(lazy('pandas'), lazy('pd_mean'), 0),
+                                                      (lazy('xarray'), lazy('xr_mean'), 'index')])
+    def test_centre_apply(self, data_orig, mean, dim):
+        data = centre_apply(data_orig, mean)
+        mean_expected = np.array([2, -5, 10]) - np.array([2, 10, 3])
+        assert np.testing.assert_almost_equal(data.mean(dim), mean_expected, decimal=1) is None